CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 2 Dean Mariano F. Magsalin Jr. Outline

 

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

• Concept and Origin of the Bill of Rights
• Classification

1. Civil Rights
2. Political Rights
3. Social and Economic Rights

• Doctrine of Preferred Freedom (Hierarchy of Rights)
  • PBM Employees Org. vs. PBM Co., Inc., 51 SCRA 189 (1973)
• The Fundamental Powers of the State
  • Similarities, Differences and Limitations
• POLICE POWER
  • Definition, Scope & Basis
  • Characteristics
  • Who exercises said power?
• Tests of Police Power
  • Laws:
  • Balacuit v. CFI, G.R. No. L-38429, June 30, 1988
  • Lozano vs. Matinez, 146 SCRA 323 (1986)
  • Del Rosario vs. Bengzon, 180 SCRA 521 (1989)
  • Tablarin vs. Judge Gutierrez, 152 SCRA 730 (1987)
• Zoning and Regulatory Ordinances
  • Ermita – Malate Hotel & Motel Operators v. City Mayor, 20 SCRA 849 (1967)
  • Cruz vs. Paras, 123 SCRA 569 (1983)
  • Velasco vs. Villegas, 120 SCRA 568 (1983)
  • Magtajas vs. Pryce Properties, 234 SCRA 255 (1994)
  • Tano v. Socrates, G.R. 110249, August 27, 1997
  • City of Manila v. Judge Laguio, G. R. No. 118127, april 12, 2005
• Administrative Rules and Regulations
  • Bautista vs. Junio, 127 SCRA 329 (1984)
  • Taxicab Operators of Metro Manila vs. BOT, 119 SCRA 597 (1982)
  • Mirasol v. DPWH, G.R. No. 158793, June 8, 2006
  • Anglo-Fil Trading vs. Lazaro, 124 SCRA 494 (1983)
  • PPA v. Cipres Stevedoring, G.R. No. 145742, July 14, 2005
  • Chavez v. Romulo, G.R. No. 157036,  June 9, 2004

EMINENT DOMAIN

• Definition
• Who exercises the power?
  • City of Manila vs. Chinese Cemetery of Manila, 40 Phil 349 (1919)
  • Moday v. Court of Appeals, 268 SCRA 368 (1997)
• Constitutional limitation – Art. II. Sec. 9           
• Distinguished from destruction due to necessity
• Objects of Expropriation
  • v. PLDT, 26 SCRA 620 (1969)
• Where Expropriation Suit is Filed
  • Barangay San Roque v. Heirs of Pastor, GR 13896, June 20, 2000
• Taking
  • Definition and Scope
• Requisites of Taking
  • Republic vs. Castelvi, 58 SCRA 336 (1974)
  • City Govt. of Quezon City vs. Ericta, 122 SCRA 759 (1983)
• Deprivation of Use
  • Republic vs. Fajardo, 104 Phil. 443 (1958)
  • Napocor vs. Gutierrez, 193 SCRA 1 (1991)
  • Napocor v. San Pedro, G.R. No. 170945, September 26, 2006
  • U.S. v. Causby, 328 U.S. 256 (1946)
  • PPI v. Comelec, 244 SCRA 272 (1995)
• Priority in Expropriation
  • Filstream International v. CA, 284 SCRA 716 (1998)
  • City of Mandaluyong v. Francisco, G.R. No. 137152, January 29, 2001
  • Lagcao v. Judge Labra, G.R. No. 155746, October 13, 2004
  • JIL. v. Mun. of Pasig, G.R. 152230, August 9, 2005
• Public use
  • Heirs of Juancho Ardona vs. Reyes, 125 SCRA 220 (1983)
  • Sumulong vs. Guerrero, 154 SCRA (1987)
    Province of Camarines Sur vs. CA, 222 SCRA 170 (1993)
  • Manosca v. Court of Appeals, 252 SCRA 412 (1996)
  • Estate of Jimenez v. PEZA, G.R. No. 137285, January 16, 2001
• Government Withdrawal
  • NHA v. Heirs of Isidro Guivelondo, G.R. No. 154411, June 19, 2003
  • NPC & Pobre v. CA. G.R. No. 106804, August 12, 2004
• Recovery of Expropriated Land
  • ATO v. Gopuco, G.R. No. 158563, June 30, 2005
  • Republic v. Lim, G.R. 161656, June 29, 2005
• Genuine Necessity
  • Mun. of Meycayauan vs. IAC, 157 SCRA 640 (1988)
  • De Knecht vs. Bautista, 100 SCRA 660 (1980)
  • Republic vs. De Knecht, G.R. 87351, February 12, 1990
  • De la Paz Masikip v. Judge Legaspi, G.R. No. 136349, January 23, 2006
• Just Compensation
  • Defined
  • Eslaban v. De Onorio, G.R. No. 146062, June 28, 2001
  • RP vs. IAC, et al., G.R. No. 71176, May 21, 1990
• Determination of Just Compensation
  • EPZA vs. Dulay, 149 SCRA 305 (1987)
• When Determined
  • Ansaldo vs. Tantuico, G.R. 50147, August 3, 1990
  • NAPOCOR v. Tiangco, G>R> No. 170846, February 6, 2007
  • City of Cebu v. Spouses Dedamo, G.R. No. 142 971, May 07, 2002
• Manner of Payment
  • Assoc. of Small Landowners v. DAR, 175 SCRA 343 (1988)
  • DAR v. CA, 249 SCRA   149 (1995)
• Trial with Commissioners
  • Meralco v. Pineda, 206 SCRA 196 (1992)
  • NPC v. Henson, G.R. No. 129998, December 29, 1998
  • Napocor v. Sps. De la Cruz, G.R. No. 156093, February 2, 2007
  • Leca Realty v. Republic, G.R. No. 155605, Sep tember 27, 2006
• Legal Interest for Expropriation Cases
  • NPC v. Angas, 208 SCRA 196 (1992)
  • Wycoco  v. Judge Caspillo, G.R. No. 146733, January 13, 2004
• Writ of Possession
  • City of Manila v. Oscar Serrano, G.R. No. 142304, June 20, 2001
  • Republic v. Gingoyon, G.R. No. 166429, December 19, 2005
• Expropriation of Utilities, Landed Estate and Municipal Property
  • Art. XII, Sec. 18
  • Art. XIII, Sec. 4
  • Art. XIII, Sec. 9
  • City of Baguio vs. Nawasa, 106 Phil. 144 (1959)
  • Zamboanga del Norte vs. City of Zamboanga, 22 SCRA 1334 (1968)

TAXATION

• Definition and Nature
• Purpose
  • CIR vs. Algue, Inc., 158 SCRA 9 (1988)
  • Commissioner vs. Makasiar, 177 SCRA 27 (1989)
• Scope (The power to tax is the power to destroy)
• Who exercises the power?
  • Art. VI Sec. 28
  • Art. XIV, Sec 4 (3)
  • Art. X, Sec. 5
• Tax Exemptions
  • YMCA vs. CIR, 33 Phil. 217 (1916)
  • Bishop of Nueva Segovia vs. Provincial Board, 51 Phil. 352 (1927)
  • Lladoc vs. CIR, 14 SCRA 292 (1965)
  • Province of Abra vs. Hernando, 107 SCRA 104 (1981)
  • Abra Valley College vs. Aquino, 162 SCRA 106 (1988)
  • American Bible Society vs. City of Manila 101 Phil. 386 (1957)
• Double Taxation
  • Punzalan vs. municipal Board of Manila, 95 Phil. 46 (1954)
• License Fees
  • Physical Therapy Org. vs. Municipal Board, G.R. 10448, August 30, 1957

DUE PROCESS

• Art. III, Sec. 1
• Art. III, Sec. 14 (1)
• Definition, Nature and Scope
• Purpose of the guaranty  
  • Hurtado v. California, 110 U.S. 516 (1884)
• Meaning of Life, Liberty, and Property
• Substantive Due Process
  • Villegas vs. Hu Chong Tsai Pao Ho, 86 SCRA 275 (1978)
  • Rubi vs. Prov. Board of Mindanao, 39 Phil. 660 (1919)
• Void for Vagueness/Over breadth
  • Ople v. Torres, 292 SCRA 141. (1998)
  • Estrada v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 148560, November 19, 2001
  • David v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 171390, May 3, 2006
  • Ong v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 126858, September 16, 2005
• Procedural Due Process
  • Publication Requirement
  • Tanada v. Tuvera, 146 SCRA 446 (1986)
  • PITC v. Angeles, 263 SCRA 421 (1996)
  • Republic v. Extelcom, G.R. 147096, January 15, 2002
• Impartial Court or Tribunal
  • Tanada vs. PAEC, 141 SCRA 307 (1986)
  • Anzaldo vs. Clave, 119 SCRA 353 (1982)
  • Tejano v. Ombudsman, G.R. No. 159190, June 30, 2005
  • Tumey vs. Ohio, 273 U.S. 510 (1997)
  • People v. Court of Appeals, 262 SCRA 452 (1996)
  • Tabuena v. Sandiganbayan, 268 SCRA 332 (1997)
• Prejudicial Publicity
  • Sheppard v. Maxwell, 384 U.S. 333 (1966)
  • Webb v. De Leon, 247 SCRA 652 (1995)
  • People v. Sanchez, G.R. No. 121039, October 18, 2001
• Notice and Hearing:
  • Summary Dismissal Board v. Torcita, 330 SCRA 153 (2000)
  • Secretary of Justice v. Lantion, G.R. No. 139466, October 17, 2000
  • People vs. Estrada G.R. No. 130487, June 19, 2000
  • Lim v. Court of Appeals, G.R. 111397, August 12, 2002
• Opportunity to be Heard
  • Budiongan v. De la Cruz, G.R. No. 170288, September 22, 2006
  • Roxas v. Vasquez, G.R. 114944, June 19, 2001
  • Marohombsar v. Judge Adiong, A.M. RTJ-02-1674, January 22, 2004
• Exceptions to notice and hearing requirements
  • Philcomsat vs. Alcuaz, 180 SCRA 218 (1989)
  • Suntay vs. People, 101 Phil. 833 (1957)
  • De Bisshop vs. Galang, 8 SCRA 244 (1963)
  • Var Orient Shipping Co., Inc. vs. Achacoso, 161 SCRA 232 (1988)
• Administrative Due Process
  • Ang Tibay vs. CIR, 69 Phil. 635 (1940)
  • Montemayor vs. Araneta University Foundation, 77 SCRA 321 (1977)
  • Meralco vs. PSC, 11 SCRA 317 (1964)
  • Ateneo vs. CA, 145 SCRA 100 (1986)
  • Alcuaz vs. PSBA, 161 SCRA 7 (1988)
  • Non vs. Hon. Dames, G.R. No. 89317, May 30, 1990

EQUAL PROTECTION 

• Political, Economic and Social Equality
  • Art. XIII, Sec. 1 and 2 (social justice)
  • Id., Sec. 3 (protection to labor)
  • Art. XII, Sec. 10 (nationalization of business)
  • ID., Sec. 2, par. 2 (reservation of marine resources)
  • Art. II, Sec. 11 (free access to the courts)
  • Art. VIII, Sec. 5(5) (legal aid to poor)
  • Art. IX-C, Sec. 10 (protection of candidates)
  • Art. II, Sec. 26 (public service)
  • Art. II, Sec. 14 (equality of women and men)
• Sexual Discrimination
  • Phil. Association of Service Exporters vs. Drilon, 163 SCRA 386 (1988)
• Administration of Justice
  • People vs. Hernandez, 99 Phil. 515 (1956)
  • People vs. Isinain, 85 Phil. 648 (1950)
  • Chavez v. PCGG, G.R. 130716, December 9, 1998
  • Nunez vs. Sandiganbayan, 111 SCRA 433 (1982)
  • Gallardo v. People, G.R. 142030, April 21, 2005
• Public Policy
  • Central Bank Employees Assoc. v. BSP, G.R. No. 148208, Dec. 15, 2004
  • PNB v. Palma, G.R. 157279, August 9, 2005
  • Unido vs. COMELEC, 104 SCRA 17 (1981)
  • PJA vs. Prado, 227 SCRA 703 (1993)
  • Olivarez v. Sandiganbayan, 248 SCRA 700 (1995)
  • Tiu v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 127410, January 20, 1999
  • Coconut Oil Refiners v. Torres, G.R.  132527, July 29, 2005
  • ISAE v. Quisumbing, G.R. No. 128845, June 1, 2000
  • PHILRECA vs. DILG, G.R. No. 143076, June 10, 2003
  • Beltran v. Secretary of Health , G.R. No. 133640, November 25, 2005

THE NON-IMPAIRMENT CLAUSE

• Art. III, Sec. 10
• Purpose
• When impairment occurs
• When Allowed
• Emergency Powers
  • Rutter vs. Esteban, 93 Phil. 68 (1953)
• Zoning and Regulatory Ordinances
  • Villanueva vs. Castaneda, 154 SCRA 142 (1987)
  • Sangalang vs. IAC, 168 SCRA 634 (1988)
  • Ortigas & Co. v. CA, G.R. No. 126102, December 4, 2000
• Administration Regulations
  • Tiro vs. Hontanosas, 125 SCRA 697 (1983)
• Rental Laws
  • Caleon vs. Agus Development Corp., 207 SCRA 748 (1992)
• Tax Exemptions
  • Meralco v. Province of Laguna, 306 SCRA 750 (1999)

ARRESTS, SEARCHES AND SEIZURES

• Art. III, Sec. 2 and 3
• Purpose and Importance of the guaranty
  • Alvero v. Dizon, 76 Phil. 637 (1946)
• To Whom Directed
  • People vs. Andre Marti, 193 SCRA 57 (1991)
• Who May Invoke the Right?
  • Bache and Co., vs. Ruiz, 37 SCRA 323 (1971)
  • Stonehill v. Diokno, 20 SCRA 383 (1967)
  • Zurcher vs. Stanford Daily, 436 U.S. 54 (1978)
  • Wilson v. Layne, 98-0083, May 24, 1999
• Conditions for a valid warrant
• Existence of Probable Cause
  • Burgos vs. Chief of Staff, 133 SCRA 800 (1984)
  • Chandler v. Miller, April 15, 1997, D-96-126
  • People v. Chua Ho San, 308 SCRA 432 (1999)
  • People v. Molina, G.R. No. 133917, February 19, 2001
• Partially Valid Warrant
  • People v. Salanguit, G.R. 133254, April 18, 2001
  • Microsoft Corp. v. Maxicorp., G.R. 140946, September 13, 2004
• Personal determination by judge
  • Sta. Rosa Mining Co., vs. Fiscal Zabala, 153 SCRA 367 (1987)
  • Paderanga vs. Drilon, G.R. 96080, April 19, 1991
  • Pita vs. CA, 178 SCRA 362 (1987)
  • Abdula v. Guiani, 326 SCRA 1 (2000)
  • People v. Mamaril, G.R. 147607, January 22, 2004
• Examination of witnesses
  • Pasion Vda. De Garcia vs. Locsin, 65 Phil 68 (1938)
  • Yee Sue kuy vs. Almeda, 70 Phil. 141, (1940)
  • Alvarez vs. CFI, 64 Phil. 33 (1937)
  • Mata vs. Bayona, 128 SCRA 388 (1984)
• Particularity of description
  • Olaes vs. People, 155 SCRA 486 (1987)
  • Prudente vs. Judge Dayrit, 180 SCRA 69 (1989)
  • Chia vs. Coll. Of Customs, 177 SCRA 755 (1989)
  • 20^th Century Fox Film Corp. vs. CA, 164 SCRA 655 (1988)
  • People v. Choi, G.R. No. 152950, August 3, 2006
  • Nolasco vs. Cruz Pano, 132 SCRA 152 (1985)
  • PICOP v. Asuncion, 307 SCRA 253 (1999)
  • Yousef Al Ghoul vs. CA, G.R. No. 126859, September 4, 2009
  • Del Rosario V. People, G.R. No. 142295, May 31, 2001
• Objects of Seizure
  • Rule 126, Sec. 3, Rules of Court (ROC)
  • Unilab vs. Isip, G.R. No. 163858, June 28, 2005
• Warrantless searches
• Valid Waiver
  • People vs. Omaweng, 213 SCRA 462 (1992)
  • People v. Correa, 285 SCRA 679 (1998)
  • People vs. Ramos, G.R. 85401-02, June 4, 1990
  • People v. Barros, 231 SCRA 557 (1994)
  • Veroy vs. Layague, 210 SCRA 97 (1992)
  • People vs. Damaso, 212 SCRA 457 (1992)
  • Lopez vs. Comm. of Customs, 68 SCRA 320 (1975)
  • Caballes v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 136292, January 5, 2002
  • People vs. Asis, et. al., G.R. No. 142531, October 15, 2002
  • People vs. Tudtud, et. al., G.R. No. 144037, September 26, 2003
• Incident to lawful arrest
  • Rule 126, Section 13, Rules of Court
  • Chimel vs. California, 395 U.S. 752 (1964)
  • People vs. de la Cruz, G.R. 83988, April 18, 1990
  • People v. Kalubiran, 196 SCRA 645 (1991)
  • People v. Malmstedt, 198 SCRA 401 (1991)
  • Espano v. Court of Appeals, 288 SCRA 558 (1998)
  • People vs. Tangliben, 184 SCRA 220 (1990)
  • People v. Che Chun Ting, 328 SCRA 592 (2000)
  • People vs. Estrella, G.R. Nos. 138539-40, January 21, 2003
  • People vs. Libnao, et. al., G.R. No. 136860, January 20, 2003
• Plain view doctrine
  • People v. Musa, 217 SCRA 597 (1993)
  • Padilla v. CA, 269 SCRA 402 (1997)
  • People v. Valdez, G.R. No. 129296, September 25, 2000
  • Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321 (1987)
  • People v. Compacion, G.R. No. 124442, July 20, 2001
  • People v. Huang Zhen Hua, G.R. 139301, September 9, 2004
• Enforcement of fishing, customs and immigration laws
  • Roldan vs. Area, 65 SCRA 320 (1975)
  • People v. Gatward, 267 SCRA 785 (1997)
  • People v. Johnson, G.R. No. 138881, December 18, 2000
  • People vs. Suzuki, G.R. No. 120670, October 23, 2003
• “Stop and frisk”
  • Terry vs. Ohio, 392 US 1 (1968)
  • People v. Solayao, 262 SCRA 255 (1996)
  • Manalili v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 113447, October 7, 1997
  • Malacat v. Court of Appeals, 283 SCRA 159 (1997)
  • Florida v. J.L., 98-1993, March 28, 2000
• Search of moving vehicles
  • Papa vs. Mago, 22 SCRA 857 (1968)
  • People vs. CFI of Rizal, 101 SCRA 86 (1980)
  • Salvador v. People, G.R. No. 146706, July 15, 2005
  • Whren v. United States, 95-5841, January 10, 1996
• Emergency circumstances
  • People vs. De Gracia, 233 SCRA 716 (1994)
• Checkpoints
  • Gen. De Villa vs. Valmonte, G.R. No. 83988, May 24, 1990
  • Aniag vs. Comelec, 237 SCRA 424 (1994)
  • People v. Usana, 323 SCRA 754 (2000)
  • People v. Vinecario, G.R. No. 141137, January 20, 2004
• Inspection of building
  • Camara vs. Municipal Court, 387 U.S. 523 (1967)
• Warrantless arrests
  • Rule 113, Sec. 5
  • Art. 125, Revised Penal Code
• Rebellion as Continuing Offense
  • Umil vs. Ramos, G.R. 81567, July 9, 1990             
• Committed in the Presence of Police Officers
  • People v. Sucro, 195 SCRA 388 (1991)
  • People v. Luisito Go, G.R. No. 116001, March 14, 2001
• Personal Knowledge of the Offense
  • People vs. Gerente, 219 SCRA 756 (1993)
  • People v. Sinoc, 275 SCRA 357 (1997)
  • People v. Baula, G.R. No. 132671, November 15, 2000
  • People v. Cubcubin, G.R. No. 136267, July 10, 2001
• Time of Arrest
  • People vs. Rodrigueza, 205 SCRA 791 (1992)
  • Go vs. Court of Appeals, 206 SCRA 586 (1992)
  • People v. Calimlim, G.R. No. 123980, August 30, 2001
• Marked Money
  • People vs. Enrile, 222 SCRA 586 (1993)
• Lack of Urgency
  • People v. Pasudag, G.R. No. 128822, May 4, 2001
  • People vs. Aminnudin, 163 SCRA 402 (1988)         
• Effect of Bail
  • Rule 114, Section 26
• Effect of Entry of Plea
  • People v. Plana G.R. No. 128285, November 27, 2001
• Validity of Conviction
  • People v. Conde, G.R. No. 113269, April 10, 2001

PRIVACY OF COMMUNICATION AND CORRESPONDENCE

• • R.A. No. 4200 (Anti-Wire Tapping Law) (1965)
  • Arts, 290, 291, 292 and 299.  Revised Penal Code.
  • Gaanan vs. IAC, 145 SCRA 113 (1986)
  • Katz vs. U.S., 389 U.S. 347 (1967)
  • Ramirez vs. Ca, G.R. No. 93833, September 28, 1995
  • Salcedo-Ortanez v. CA, 235 SCRA 111 (1994)
  • Alejano v. Cabuay, G.R. No. 160792, August 25, 2005
• Privileged Communications
• In Re Laureta, 148 SCRA 382 (1987)
• People vs. Albofera, 152 SCRA 123 (1987)
• Zulueta v. Court of Appeals, 253 SCRA 699 (1996)
• Deano v. Godinez, 12 SCRA 483 (1964)
• Waterhouse Drug Corporation v. NLRC, G.R. No. 113271. October 16, 1997
• Exclusionary Rule
•             Art. III, Sec. 3(2)
• Silverthorne Lumber vs. US, 251 US 385 (1920)
• People v. Aruta, G.R. 120915, April 3, 1998
• People v. Rondero, G.R. 125687, December 9, 1999
• Liability for damages
•             Aberca vs. Ver, 160 SCRA 590 (1989)
• RIGHTS OF PERSONS UNDER CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION
• Art. III, Sec. 12
• Miranda vs. Arizona, 384 US 436 (1966)
• Custodial Investigation 
•             People v. Lugod, G.R. 136253, February 21, 2001
• People v. Del Rosario G.R. 127755, April 14, 1999
• People v. Bolanos, 211 SCRA 262 (1992)
• Rhode Island v. Innis, 446 U.S. 291 (1980)
• People v. Mahinay, 302 SCRA 455 (1999)
• Administrative Investigations
• People vs. Judge Ayson, 175 SCRA 216 (1989)
• Office of the Court Administrator v. Sumiling, 271 SCRA 316 (1997)
• People v. Uy, G.R. No. 157399, November 17, 2005
• Police Lineup
• Gamboa vs. Cruz, 162 SCRA 642 (1988)
• United States v. Wade, 388 U.A. 218 (1967)
• People v. Escordial, G.R. 138934, January 16, 2002
• People vs. Piedad, et al., G.R. No. 131923, December 5, 2002
• Cases before January 17, 1973 not applicable
• Magtoto vs. Manguera, 63 SCRA 4 (1975)
• Rule under the 1973 Constitution (Voluntary, knowing & intelligent waiver)
• People vs. Caguioa, 95 SCRA 2 (1980)
• People vs. Tampus, 90 SCRA 624 (1980)
• People  v. Sayaboc, G.R. 147201, January 15, 2004
• The Galit Rule
•             People vs. Galit, 135 SCRA 465 (1985)
• Rule under the 1987 Constitution
• Requirement of Competent and Independent Counsel
•             People vs. Bandula, 232 SCRA 566 (1994)
• People v. Quidato, G.R. 117401, October 1, 1998
• People v. Januario, 267 SCRA 608 (1997)
• People v. Labtan, G.R. No. 12793, December 8, 1999
• People vs. Samus, G.R. 135957-58, September 17, 2002
• People v. Tomaquin, G.R. No. 133138, July 23, 2004
• People v. Bagnate, G.R. No. 133685-68 May 20, 2004
• Counsel of Choice
•             People vs. Gallardo, G.R. No. 113684, January 25, 2000
• People vs. Barasina, 229 SCRA 450 (1994)
• Counsel’s presence required in entire proceedings
• People v. Morial, G.R. 129295, August 15, 2001
•  
• Seized Articles
• People v. Castro, 274 SCRA 115 (1997)
• People v. Wong Chuen Ming, 256 SCRA 182 (1996)
• Marcelo v. Sandiganbayan, 302 SCRA 102 (1999)
• People v. Macabalang, G.R. 168694, November 27, 2006
• Confession to Newsmen
• People v. Andan, 269 SCRA 95 (1997)
• People v. Endino, G.R. 133026, February 20, 2001
• People vs. Ordono, G.R. No. 132154, June 29, 2000
• People vs. Guillermo, G.R. No. 147786, January 20, 2004
• Other Confessions
• People v. Malngan, G.R. No. 170470, September 26, 2006
• People v. Gomez, 270 SCRA 432 (1997)
• Illinois v. Perkins, 496 U.S. 292 (1990)
• People v. Lugod, G.R. 136253, February 21, 2001
• Re-enactment
•           People v. Luvendino, 211 SCRA 36 (1992)
• Exclusionary rule
• Art. III, Sec. 12 (3)
• Fruit of the Poisonous Tree Doctrine
• People v. Alicano 251 SCRA 293 (1995)
• Harris vs. New York, 401 U.S. 222 (1971)
• New York vs. Quaries, 104 U.S. 2626 (1984)
•            
• RIGHT TO BAIL
•           Art. III, Sec. 13
• Bail Defined
•             Rule 114, Section 1, ROC
• Kinds of Bail
•             Rule 114, Sections 10, 11, 14 & 15
• When right may be invoked
• Herras Teehankee vs. Rovira, 75 Phil. 634 (1945)
• People vs. San Diego, 26 SCRA 522 (1968)
• Cortes v. Judge Catral, A.M. No. RTJ-97-1387, September 10, 1997
• Lavides v. CA, G.R. No. 129670, February 1, 2000
• Government v. Judge Puruganan, G.R. 148571, December 17, 2002
• Procedure for bail
• Paderanga v. Drilon, 247 SCRA 741, (1995)
• Go v. Bongolan, A.M. 99-1464, July 26, 1999
• People v. Gako, G.R. 135045, December 15, 2000
• Bail and Habeas Corpus
• Enrile vs. Salazar, 186 SCRA 217 (1990)
• People vs. Judge Donato, 198 SCRA 130 (1991)
• Bail on appeal
• People vs. Fortes, 223 SCRA 619 (1993)
• Maguddatu v. CA, G.R. No. 139599, February 23, 2000
• Obosa v. Court of Appeals, G.R. 114350, January 16, 1997         
• Standards for fixing bail
• Rule 114, Sec. 9
• Villasenor vs. Abano, 21 SCRA 312 (1967)
• De la Camara vs. Enage, 41 SCRA 1 (1971)
• Almeda vs. Villaluz, 66 SCRA 38 (1975)
• Yap v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 141529, June 6, 2001
• Cabañero v. Cañon, A.M. No. MTJ-01-369, September 20, 2001
• Victory Liner v. Belosillo, G.R. 425 SCRA 79 (2004)
• Bail and the Right to Travel Abroad
•             Manotoc vs. Court of Appeals, 142 SCRA 149 (1980)
• RIGHTS OF AN ACCUSED
• Art. III, Sec. 14
• Presumption of Innocence
• Proof beyond reasonable doubt      
•             People vs. Dramayo, 42 SCRA 59 (1971)
• Order of Trial
•             Alejandro vs. Pepito, 96 SCRA 322 (1988) (modified by Rule 119 Sec. 3 (e)
• Presumption of Guilt
•             Dumlao vs. Comelec, 95 SCRA 392 (1980)
• People vs. Mingoa, 92 Phil. 857 (1953)
• Applicability to Juridical Persons
•             Feeder Int’l Line vs. Ca CR 942 62, May 31, 1991
• Official Duty
•             People vs. Martos, 211 SCRA 805 (1992)
• Equipoise Rule
• Corpuz vs. People, 194 SCRA 73 (1991)
• Dizon Paminatuan v. People, July 11, 1994
• Right to be heard personally or by counsel
• Importance of Counsel
• People vs. Holgado, 85 Phil. 752 (1950)
• Delgado vs. CA, 145 SCRA 357 (1986)
• Improvident Plea of guilt            
• People vs. Baluyot, 75 SCRA 148 (1977)
• People vs. Magsi, 124 SCRA 69 (1983)
• People v. Besonia, G.R. No. 151284-85, February 5, 2004
• People v. Murillo, G.R. No. 134583, July 14, 2004
• Right to Lawyer of Choice
• People vs. Malunsing, 63 SCRA 493 (1975)
• Libuit v. People, G.R. No. 154363, September 13, 2005
• Deprivation of Right to be Heard
•             Moslares v. CA, 291 SCRA 440 (1998)
• Right to be informed of nature and cause of accusation
• Lack of Arraignment
• Borja vs. Mendoza, 77 SCRA 422 (1977)
• People v. Alcalde, G.R. 139225, May 29, 2002
• People v. Dy, G.R. No. 154363, September 13, 2005
• Sufficiency of the Information
• People v. Sadiosa, 290 SCRA 82 (1998)
• People v. Perez, G.R. No. 122764, September 24, 1998
• People v. Lozano, G.R. 125080, September 25, 1998
• People v. Ladrillo, G.R. No. 124342, December 8, 1999
• People v. Valdesancho, G.R. 137051, May 30, 2001
• People v. Alcaide, G.R. Nos. 139225-28, May 29, 2002
• People vs. Ostia, G.R. No. 131804. February 26, 2003
• People vs. Flores Jr., G.R. No. 128823-24, December 27, 2002
• People v. Cachapero, G.R. No. 153008, May 20, 2004
•  
• Right to speedy, impartial and public trial
• Speedy trial
•             Acevedo vs. Sarmiento, 36 SCRA 247 (1970)
• People vs. Judge Laya, 161 SCRA 327 (1988)
• Conde vs. Rivera, 45 Phil. 650 (1924)
• Dacanay vs. People, 240 SCRA 490 (1995)
• People v. Rivera, G.R. No. 139180, July 31, 2001
• Solar Team Entertainment v. How, G.R. No. 140863, August 22, 2000
• Valencia v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 165996, October 17, 229, 2005     Domondon v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 166606, November 29, 2005
• Public trial
•             Garcia vs. Domingo, 52 SCRA 143 (1970)
• Perez v. Estrada, A.M. No. 01-4-03-SC, June 29, 2001
• Impartial trial
• Tumey vs. Ohio, 273 U.S. 510 (1927)
• Soriano vs. Angeles, G.R. No. 109920, August 31, 2000
• Right to confront witnesses
• U.S. v. Javier, 37 Phil. 449 (1918)
• Right to secure attendance of witnesses
•             U.S. vs. Garcia, 10 Phil. 384 (1908)
• People vs. Sandal, 54 Phil. 883 (1938)
• People vs. De Luna, 174 SCRA 204 (1989)
• Right to be present during trial
• Trial in absentia
•             Rule 115, Sec. 1 (c)
• People vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 140285, September 27, 2006
• When presence of the accused is a duty:
• Arraignment and plea
•             Rule 116, Sec. 1 (b)
• During trial for identification
•             Aquino vs. Military Commission No. 63 SCRA 546 (1975)
• People vs. Salas, 143 SCRA 163 (1986)
• Promulgation of sentence
•             Rule 120, Sec. 6
• Exception: Light offenses
• PRIVILEGE AGAINST SELF-INCRIMINATION
•           Art. III, Sec. 17
• Scope covers compulsory testimonial incrimination
• United States vs. Tan Teh, 23 Phil. 145 (1912)
• United States vs. Ong Siu Hong, 36 Phil. 735 (1917)
• People vs. Otadura, 86 Phil. 244 (1950)
• Villaflor vs. Summers, 41 Phil. 62 (1920)
• Bermudez vs. Castillo, 64 Phil. 485 (1937)
• Beltran v. Samson, 53 Phil. 570 (1929)
• People vs. Tranca, 235 SCRA 455 (1994)
• South Dakota v. Neville, 459 U.S. 553 (1983)
• Schemerber v. California, 384 U.S. 757 (1966)
• People v. Rondero, G.R. No. 125687, December 9, 1999
• People vs. Gallarde, G.R. No. 133025, February 17, 2000
• In what proceedings available
•             Pascual vs. Board of Medical Examiners, 28 SCRA 344 (1969)
• Galman vs. Pamaran, 138 SCRA 274 (1985)
• Use Immunity v. Transactional Immunity.
•             Art. XIII, Sec. 18 (8)
• R.A. No. 1379, Section 8
• Galman vs. Pamaran, 138 SCRA 274 (1985)
• Brown v. Walker, 161 U.S. 591
• Exclusionary rule
•             Art. II, Sec. 12 (3)
• Effect of denial of privilege by court
•             Chavez vs. Court of Appeals, 24 SCRA 663 (1968)
• RIGHT TO SPEEDY DISPOSITION OF CASES
• Art. III, Sec. 16
• Art. VIII, Sec. 15
• Art. VII, Sec. 19 par. 3
• Art. IX, A, Sec. 17
• Duterte v. Sandiganbayan, 289 SCRA 721 (1998)
• Tatad vs. Sandiganbayan, 159 SCRA 70 (1988)
• Licaros v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. 145851, November 22, 2001
• Dimayacyac v. Judge Roxas, G.R. No. 136264, May 28, 2004
• Bernat v. Sandiganbayan, G.R> No. 158018, May 20, 2004

PUNISHMENTS

• Excessive fines and cruel, degrading and inhuman punishments
  • People vs. Dela Cruz, 92 Phil. 906 (1953)
  • People vs. Borja, 91 SCRA 340 (1978)
  • People vs. Dacuycuy, 173 SCRA 90 (1989)
  • Loiusiana v. Resweber, 329 U.S. 459 (1974)
  • Ford v. Wainwright, 477 U.S. 399 (1986)
  • Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304 (2002)
• The death penalty
  • Echegaray v. Secretary of Justice, G.R. No. 132601 January 19, 1999
• Involuntary servitude
  • Art. III, Sec. 18
  • Aclaracion vs. Gatmaitan, 64 SCRA 131 (1979)
• Imprisonment for debt
  • Art. III, Sec. 20
  • Sura vs. Martin, 26 SCRA 286 (1969)
  • People vs. Nitafan, 207 SCRA 726 (1992)
  • In Re: Habeas Corpus of Benjamin Vergara, G.R. No. 154037, April 30, 2003
• Ex post facto laws and bills of attainder
  • Art. III, Sec. 22
  • Kay Villegas Kami, 35 SCRA 429 (1970)
  • People vs. Ferrer, 48 SCRA 382 (1972)
  • People vs. Sandiganbayan, 211 SCRA 241 (1992)
  • Wright vs. CA, 235 SCRA 341 (1994)
• Double Jeopardy
  • Art. III, Sec. 21
  • Rule 117, Sec. 7
  • R ule 120, Sec. 5
• Elements
  • People vs. Obsania, 23 SCRA 1249 (1968)
• Subsequent prosecution barred; Exceptions
  • Melo vs. People, 85 Phil. 766 (1959)
  • People vs. Yorac, 42 SCRA 230 (1971) (overruled)
  • PSB v. Bermoy, G.R. No. 151912, September 26, 2005
  • Heirs of Rillorta vs. Firme, 157 SCRA 518 (1988)
  • People vs. Miraflores, 115 SCRA 586 (1982)
  • People vs. Judge Vergara, 221 SCRA 560 (1993)
  • Tupaz v. Ulep, G.R. No. 127777, October 1, 1999
  • Argel v. Judge Pascua, A.M. No. RTJ-94-1131, August 20, 2001
• Jurisdiction of Courts
  • People v. Bocar , 138 SCRA 166 (1985)
  • Galman vs. Sandiganbayan, 144 SCRA 43 (1986)
  • People vs. Grospe, 157 SCRA 154 (1988)
  • People vs. Judge Santiago, 174 SCRA 143 (1989)
• Identity of Acts
  • People vs . Relova, 148 SCRA 292 (1987)
• Identity of Offenses
  • People vs. City Court, 154 SCRA 175 (1987)
  • Nierras  vs. acuycuy, 181 SCRA 1 (1990)
• Military Court Proceedings
  • Cruz vs. Enrile, 160 SCRA 702 (1988)
  • Tan v. Barrios, October 18, 1990
• Right to Speedy Trial
  • Que vs. Cosico, 177 SCRA 410 (1989)        
  • Caes  vs. IAC, 179 SCRA 54 (1989)
• Administrative & Criminal Proceedings
  • Icasiano vs. Sandiganbayan, 209 SCRA 377 (1992)
  • Vincoy v CA, G.R. No. 156558, June 14, 2004
  • People v. Larannaga, G.R. No. 138874, July 25, 2005
• Plea of Guilt to Lesser Offense
• People vs. Judge Villarama, 210 SCRA 246 (1992)

PRIVILEGE OF THE WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS

•  Art. II, Sec. 15
• Art. VII, Sec. 18
  • Villavicencio vs. Lukban, 39 Phil. 778 (1919)
  • Moncupa vs. Ponce Enrile, 141 SCRA 223 (1986)
  • Lansang vs. Garcia, 42 SCRA 448 (1971)
  • Chavez vs. Court of Appeals, 24 SCRA 420 (1971)
  • Gumabon vs. Director of Prisons, 37 SCRA 663 (1968)
  • In re Abadilla, 156 SCRA 92 (1987)
  • Norberto Feria vs. CA, et al. G.R. 122954, Feb. 15, 2000
  • Illusorio v. Bildner, G.R. 139789, May 12, 2000

FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

• Art. III, Sec. 4
• I d., Sec. 18 (1)
• Purpose
  • United States vs. Bustos, 37 Phil. 731 (1918)
  • Burgos vs. Chief Of Staff, 133 SCRA 800 (1984)
  • New York Times vs. Sulliven, 380 U.S. 51 (1964)
• Restrictions
  • Gonzales vs. COMELEC, 27 SCRA 835 (1969)
  • Social Weather Station v. Comelec, G.R. 147571, May 5, 2001
  • Balancing of Interest Test
  • Dangerous Tendency Test
  • Clear and Present Danger Test
  • Zaldivar vs. Sandiganbayan, 170 SCRA 1 (1989)
  • Sanidad vs. COMELEC, G.R. 90878, January 29, 1990
  • Reno v. ACLU, D-96-511, June 26, 1997
  • Miriam College v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 127930, December 15, 2000
  • ABS-CBN Broadcasting c\Corp. v. Comelec, G.R. No. 133486, January 28, 2000 Chavez vs. Comelec
• Freedom of Expression, Libel and National Security
  • Babst vs. NBI, 132 SCRA 316 (1984)
  • Espuelas vs. NBI, 132 SCRA 316 (1984)
  • Elizalde vs. CFI, 116 SCRA 93 (1982)
  • Lopez vs. Court of Appeals, 34 SCRA 116 (1970)
  • PJI v. Thoenen, G.R. No. 143372, December 13, 2005
  • Texas v. Johnson, 491 U.S. 397 (1989)
  • Borjal v. CA., 301 SCRA 1 (1999)
  • Baguio Midland Courier v. CA, G.R. No. 107566, November 25, 2004
• Freedom of Expression and the Administration of Justice
  • Cabansag vs. Fernandez, 102 Phil. 152
  • People vs. Alarcon, 69 Phil. 265 (1939)
  • In Re Ramon Tulfo, AM 90-4-1545-0, April 17, 1990
  • Nestle Phils. Vs. Sanchez, 154 SCRA 542 (1987)
  • In Re Atty. Emil Jurado AM 90-5-2373 July 12, 1990
• Freedom of Expression, Movie Censorship, Obscenity and the Right to Privacy
  • Gonzales vs. Kalaw Katikbak, 137 SCRA 356 (1985)
  • Lagunzad vs. Sotto, Vda. De Gonzales 92 SCRA 476 (1979)
  • Ayer Productions vs. Judge Capulong, 160 SCRA 861 (1988)
  • KMU v. Director General, G.R. No. 167798, April 19, 2006
  • TRCB v. ABS-CBN, G.R. No. 155282, January 17, 2005
  • Reno v. ACLU, June 26, 1997, D-96-511
  • Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15 (1973)
  • Ernando v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 159751, December 6, 2006
• Radio Broadcasts
  • Eastern Broadcasting Corp. (DYRE) vs. Dans, 137 SCRA 247 (1985)

FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY

• BP Blg. 880 (Public Assembly Act of 1985)
• Primicias vs. Fugoso, 80 Phil. 71 (1948)
• Navarro vs. Villegas, 31 SCRA 730 (1970)
• Ignacio vs. Ela, 99 Phil. 346 (1956)
• J.B.I. Reyes vs. Bagatsing, 125 SCRA 553 (1983)
• Ruiz vs. Gordon, 126 SCRA 233 (1983)
• Malabanan vs. Ramento, 129 SCRA 359 (1984)
• Arreza vs. GAUF, 137 SCRA 94 (1985)
• German vs. Barangan, 135 SCRA 514 (1985)
• Acosta v. CA and CSC GR 132088 Jun 28, 2000
• Bayan v. Ermita, G.R. No. 169848, April 25, 2006

FREEDOM OF INFORMATION

• Art. III, Sec. 7
• Baldoza vs. Dimaano, 71 SCRA 14 (1976)
• Tanada vs. Tuvera, supra
• Valmonte vs. Belmonte, 170 SCRA 256 (1989)
• Legaspi vs. CSC, 150 SCRA 530 (1987)
• Garcia vs. BOI, 177 SCRA 374 (1989)

FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION

• Art. III, Sec. 8
• Art. IX, Sec. 2 (5)
• Art. XIII, Sec. 3, par. 2
• Occena vs. COMELEC, 127 SCRA 404 (1985)
• In re Edillon, 84 SCRA (1979)
• Rotary Int’l v. Rotary Club, 481 U.S. 537 (1987)

FREEDOM OF RELIGION

• Art. III, Sec. 5
• Nonstablishment Clause
• Operation of Secretarian schools
  • Art. XIV, Sec. 4(2)
• Religions instruction in Public schools
  • Art. XIV, Sec. 3(3)
  • Civil Code, Art. 359(1)
• Anti-evolution laws
  • Epperson vs. Arkansas, 33 U.S. 27 (1968)
• Prayer and Bible reading in public schools
  • Engel vs. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962)
  • Abington Schools Dist. vs. Schempp, 374 U.S. 203 (1973)
  • Stone v. Graham, 449 U.S. 39 (1980)
• Tax exemption
  • Art. VI, Sec. 28 (3)
• Pubic aid to religion
  • Art. VI, Sec. 29 (2)
  • Aglipay  vs. Ruiz, 64 Phil. 201 (1937)
  • Mueller v. Allen, 463 U.S. 388 (1983)
  • Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971)
  • Wallace v. Jaffree, 472 U.S. 38 (1985)
  • Islamic Da ‘wah Counsil v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 153888, July 9, 2003
• Intramural religious disputes
  • Fonacier vs. CA, 96 Phil. 417 (1955)
• Free Exercise Clause
  • Estrada v. Escritor, A.M. No. P-02-1651, June 22, 2006
• Flag salute
  • West Va Board of Education vs. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624 (1943)
  • Ebralinag v. Division Superintended (March     1, 1993)
• Freedom to propagate religious doctrines
  • American Bible Society vs. City of Manila, 181 Phil. 386 (1957)
  • Swaggart Ministries v. Cal Bd. Of Equalization, 493 U.S. 378 (1990)
• Exemption from Union shop
  • Victoriano vs. Elizalde Rope Workers Union, 59 SCRA 54 (1974)
• Disqualification for local government officials
  • Pamil vs. Watkins 367 U.S. 488 (1961)
• Religious Test
  • Torcaso vs. Watkins 367 U.S. 488 (1961)

LIBERTY OF ABODE AND TRAVEL

• Art. III, Sec. 6
  • Salonga vs. Hermosa, 97 SCRA 121 (1989)
  • Caunca vs. Salazar, 82 Phil. 851 (1940)
  • Manotok vs. CA. 142 SCRA 149 (1986)
  • Marcos vs. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 668 (1989)
  • Silverio vs. CA, G.R . no. 94284 April 8, 1991
  • Lorenzo v. Director of Health, 50 Phil. 595